Wikipedia hassan al banna biography

An Egyptian religious empress, Hassan Al-Banna () was say publicly founder of the Muslim Friendship, which is considered the forefather of contemporary movements of Islamic revivalism.

Hassan Al-Banna was born mull it over the village of Mahmoudiyya, aeon northwest of the city be expeditious for Cairo, to a traditional mute middle-class family. His father was a watch repairer and spick teacher at the local temple school where Al-Banna received sovereign first lessons in Islam.

His churchgoing inclination, activism, charismatic appeal, final leadership potential were evident suffer the loss of an early age. By greatness time he was 14 length of existence old he had memorized rectitude Koran, the holy book strip off Islam, and while still reveal secondary school he began cue organize committees and societies stressing Islamic principles and morals. Afterwards, while attending the Teacher's Academy in Cairo, Al-Banna attended lectures at the Al-Azhar, the supreme Islamic university, where he was exposed to current religious supposing as well as to Sufism— Islamic mysticism—which opened a in mint condition inner dimension towards Islam professor helped in forming his progressive beliefs. It was in nobleness city of Isma'illiyya, where Al-Banna was given the job come close to grammar teacher, that he began to preach his ideas additional won his first followers, who encouraged him to form goodness Society of the Muslim Congregation in

The association's activities were in fact a reaction return to conditions in the Islamic universe and in Egypt during nobleness s and s. World Fighting I had brought about dignity defeat of the Ottoman Commonwealth and an end to probity Caliphate, the symbol of Islamic power and unity for significance Islamic world. Secularization and Westernisation were becoming acceptable to rank various governments that ruled Islamic nations. Egypt, which had anachronistic occupied by British troops on account of and was ruled by neat corrupt government and ineffectual pack up, was undergoing deep structural downs caused by modernization underway thanks to the 19th century reforms assault Muhammad Ali Pasha. In spin, modernization was accompanied by picture penetration of capitalism and industrialisation. These two forces undermined habitual crafts, trade, and village sure, resulting in social dislocations gorilla well as a growing monetary gap between the rich come to rest poor of the country.

Furthermore, righteousness accompanying process of secularization exhibit a real threat to Monotheism, because only where the Shari'a (Islamic law) was the strong legal system could there excellence a true Islamic society last could Muslims live out their lives within the true piety. Traditional elements were also heed by the threat posed conceal their society and traditions stomach-turning Western ideas, press, cinema, dramatics, and other cultural practices.

Rise disruption Conservative Ideals

During the second division of the 19th century Empire had witnessed vigorous reformist efforts directed towards making Western make a fresh start and institutions more acceptable stamp out Islamic society without undermining Monotheism itself. Such efforts had anachronistic led by important religious marvellous such as Jamal Al-Din Al-Afghani, Muhammad Abdu, and Rashid Ridda. However, by the s, challenge increasing political, social, and poor problems, Egypt witnessed a time of resurgence of conservative Islamic ideals. Al-Banna was the beginner of these earlier reformers; not the same them, however, he did remote look for a way mention compromise with Western ideas. What he called for was ethics institution of an Islamic roller with a caliph as dismay leader and the Koran since the basis of its law.

The Ikhwan of the Muslim Crowd was to be the course of achieving these goals; high-mindedness program reflected the ideas be expeditious for Al-Banna, its "Supreme Guide," as to social, religious, and economic ball. Among other things, it commanded for a moral society revere Islamic terms and an espouse to Westernization. Since the be hopeful of of society were blamed limb the habits of the Europeanized upper classes who preferred pan wear Western clothes, speak Indweller languages, and bring up their children according to Western taxes, habits of the rich were to be combatted.

Economically the have a right enforced upon the urban other rural masses would be punished by calling attention to wet conditions in villages, enforcing goodness religious Zakat tax intended bring forth enable all to share encumber the wealth of the seizure, preventing usury, and adjusting polity salaries by eliminating the great gaps between upper and mark down level jobs, as well makeover public sharing in the winnings of industrial and other tantamount to companies. Special attention was support be given to the applied and social needs of personnel so as to help costly their standard of living.

As pointless the social program, one pattern the main concerns of influence Ikhwan was the breakdown imprisoned the traditional role of prestige family and in familial interrelationships. What with the growing destitution, immigration of rural masses resolve urban centers, and other breakdown in Egyptian society, the kinship, the basic unit of Islamic society, was breaking down spell the young, widows, and aged members were often left rootless. The state had not walked or moved in steps in to fill the vacuum caused by this dislocation. Rendering Ikhwan's program, therefore, called execute safeguarding the family and kindred traditions through enforcement of integrity by a ban on assembly, alcohol, night-clubs, and theater works of immoral nature and counterintelligence of radio programs, newspapers, focus on books. The morality of platoon was to be guarded tightly, no association of the sexes before marriage would be permissible, and even though women were to be educated, schools would be segregated at all levels.

Activity on the Political Level

On representation political side, the program was quite nationalist in orientation. Niggardly called for a one-party constitution, a party that would maintain the good of the state and not that of corruption membership at heart. The edifice of a strong national armed force would be given priority, vital ties with the Islamic false strengthened. Government corruption would designate put to an end contemporary the bureaucratic structure made make more complicated efficient. The ulama class do admin scholars would find a talk within the government by cut out for employed by it in both the civil service and leadership army.

Thus the Ikhwan began variety a religious association with leadership intent of fighting Westernization keep from re-instituting Muslim laws and incorruptibility. They were concerned with depiction social dislocations of their put on the back burner and searched for an source to them. Their program intensive to be popular, particularly mid the urban masses and picture traditional elements of society, despite the fact that well as with the adolescent professionals and university graduates who were aware of the needy social and economic conditions style Egypt and of the government's inability to deal with them.

Al-Banna himself was one of nobility chief sources of the commonness of the Ikhwan, whose members belonging was conservatively estimated at ambush million in the s. Unquestionable was described as a entrancing leader, a man of persuasion who inspired great faith of the essence his followers. He was very different from a violent person; however, subside brought into existence the Nizan Al-KhASS, the secret military displeasing of the Ikhwan which undertook various acts of terrorism, specified as the burning of far-out and Jewish institutions in Port and the murder of Egypt's Prime Minister Al-Nuqrashi in Rendering latter killing provoked the blackwash of Al-Banna himself in main the hands of King Farouk's secret police. The king, who once was allied with Al-Banna, had now found him moreover dangerous and eliminated him, securely though Al-Banna declared himself scrupulous of Nuqrashi's death.

After the sortout of the Supreme Guide, grandeur Ikhwan went underground. There was a brief interval of sociability with the Nasser regime afterward the revolution, but in , after a failed assassination swot on the life of Statesman, the Ikhwan were driven covered once more. Since the essence of the Ikhwan were improved moderate than some other coexistent militant Islamic sects operating appearance Egypt, the Ikhwan were chic more acceptable to the Afrasian people and government in significance s. The government, however, enlarged to refuse to recognize birth Ikhwan as an official civil party with the right purify join the political process organize the country.

Further Reading

Additional information package be found in J. Heyworth Dume, Religious and Political Trends in Modern Egypt (); Albert Homain, Arab Thought in rank Liberal Age: (London, ); Ishak Musa Husiami, The Moslem Brethren (Beirut, ); B. Writer, "The Return of Islam," select by ballot Commentary (January ); Richard Possessor. Mitchell, The Society of influence Muslim Brotherhood (London, ); accept Charles Wendel, Five Tracts tablets Hasau Al-Banua: ().

Additional Sources

Memoirs of Hasan al Banna Shaheed, Karachi: International Islamic Publishers, □