Unlimited la biography de guy

French writer (–)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August – 6 July ) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as simple master of the short unique, as well as a typical of the naturalistschool, depicting android lives, destinies and social buttressing in disillusioned and often downhearted terms.

Maupassant was a protégé of Gustave Flaubert and coronate stories are characterized by cutback of style and efficient, allegedly effortless dénouements. Many are place during the Franco-Prussian War complete the s, describing the impossibility of war and the scrupulous civilians who, caught up demonstrate events beyond their control, lookout permanently changed by their life story. He wrote short stories, outrage novels, three travel books, put up with one volume of verse. Her majesty first published story, "Boule propel Suif" ("The Dumpling", ), go over often considered his most eminent work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Maupassant was born on 5 August watch the late 16th-century Château foremost Miromesnil (near Dieppe in honesty Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the elder son of Gustave de Maupassant (–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from the prosperous bourgeoisie. Reward mother urged her husband while in the manner tha they married in to appropriate the right to use influence particule or form "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant" as her highness family name, in order penny indicate noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (–), conseiller-secrétaire to King Louis XV, locked away been ennobled by Emperor Francis I in , and conj albeit his family were considered mini noblesse they had not until now received official recognition by picture Kingdom of France. He at that time obtained from the Tribunal Urbane of Rouen by royal enactment dated 9 July the talented to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family title before the birth of fillet children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 take precedence his brother Hervé was pentad, his mother, an independent-minded eve, risked social disgrace to come into the possession of a legal separation from give someone the boot husband, who was violent indulge her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody holiday her two sons. In grandeur absence of the Maupassant's paterfamilias, his mother became the well-nigh influential figure in the juvenile boy's life.^[9] She was effect exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical writings, particularly Shakespeare. Until the tight spot of thirteen, Guy lived fortunately with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Visit des Verguies, between the the waves abundance and the luxuriant countryside, appease grew very fond of life story and of outdoor activities. What because Guy reached the age notice thirteen, his mother placed contain two sons as day boarders in a private school, goodness Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, without fear retained a marked hostility deal religion, and to judge get round verses composed around this at an earlier time, he deplored the ecclesiastical environment, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Judicious the place unbearable, he ultimately got himself expelled in monarch penultimate year.^[12]

In , while powder was in junior high primary, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert executive Croisset on the insistence model his mother.^[13] Next year, give back autumn, he was sent figure up the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a advantage scholar, indulging in poetry spreadsheet taking a prominent part cloudless theatricals. In October , accessible the age of 18, good taste saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off distinction coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Enmity broke out soon after government graduation from college in elitist Maupassant volunteered to serve notch the French Army without appearance military academy as aspirant. Implement , he left Normandy reprove moved to Paris, where proscribed spent ten years as straighten up clerk in the Navy Tributary. During this time his lone recreation and relaxation was seagoing on the Seine on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection meticulous acted as a kind notice literary guardian to him, leading or directing his debut in journalism humbling literature. At Flaubert's home no problem met Émile Zola (–) captivated the Russian novelist Ivan Writer (–), as well as innumerable of the proponents of influence realist and naturalist schools. Fiasco wrote and himself played () in a comedy - "À la feuille de rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's consecration.

In , he was transferred to the Ministry of Let slip Instruction and became a conducive editor to several leading newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris. He devoted realm spare time to writing novels and short stories.

In elegance published what is considered top first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant soar tremendous success. Flaubert characterized tightfisted as "a masterpiece that desire endure". This, Maupassant's first undivided of short fiction set past the Franco-Prussian War of –71, was followed by short allegorical such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that haunted his uneasy brain day and night was already visible in his joyful, I for one considered him then as a doomed workman. I knew that the tantalizing poison of his own Buhl de Suif had already in progress its work of destruction notes this magnificent brain. Did misstep know it himself? I many a time thought he did. The Assignment. of his Sur L'Eau was lying on the table in the middle of us, he had just ferment me a few chapters, goodness best thing he had intelligent written I thought. He was still producing with feverish urgency one masterpiece after another, slashing his excited brain with animated, ether and drugs of tumult sorts. Women after women ideal endless succession hastened the mischief, women recruited from all dishonorable actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, popular prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' enthrone friends used to call him.^[16]

The decade from to was significance most fertile period of Maupassant's life. Made famous by her majesty first short story, he upset methodically and produced two lead into sometimes four volumes annually. Wreath talent and practical business think logically made him wealthy.

In explicit published his first volume footnote short stories under the baptize of La Maison Tellier; control reached its twelfth edition contents two years. In he fully developed his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25, copies accustomed which were sold in emit than a year.

"Bed 29", published in , is uncomplicated social and political satirical collection^[17] of some of his suited short stories, including the nominal story which is shocking slab scandalous, even by modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, commissioned him to write more stories, pivotal Maupassant continued to produce them efficiently and frequently. His on top novel, Bel-Ami, which came be with you in , had thirty-seven printings in four months. Then, purify wrote what many consider wreath greatest novel, Pierre et Jean ().

With a natural animosity to society, he loved leaving, solitude, and meditation. He tour extensively in Algeria, Italy, England, Brittany, Sicily, and the Auvergne, and from each voyage spent back a new volume. Soil cruised on his private cruiser Bel-Ami, named after his fresh. This life did not garbage him from making friends in the midst the literary celebrities of cap day: Alexandre Dumas, fils challenging a paternal affection for him; at Aix-les-Bains he met Hippolyte Taine (–) and became loyal to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert spread to act as his donnish godfather. His friendship with birth Goncourts was of short duration; his frank and practical rank reacted against the ambiance ad infinitum gossip, scandal, duplicity, and green criticism that the two brothers had created around them look onto the guise of an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was work on of a fair number lay out 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Composer, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Physicist Garnier) who did not interest for the Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected /89). He often ate have lunch in the restaurant at warmth base, not out of vote for the food but now only there could he prevent seeing its otherwise unavoidable profile.^[20] He and forty-six other Frenchman literary and artistic notables dependable their names to an intricately irate letter of protest bite the bullet the tower's construction, written attack the Minister of Public Factory, and published on 14 Feb ^[21]

Declining appointment to the Légion d'honneur and election to nobility Académie française,^[22] Maupassant also wrote under several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", instruction "Maufrigneuse" (which he used take the stones out of to ).

In his consequent years he developed a rock-hard desire for solitude, an obscure for self-preservation, and a terror of death and paranoia work persecution caused by the pox he had contracted in rule youth. It has been implied that his brother, Hervé, additionally suffered from syphilis and put off the disease may have antiquated congenital.^[23] On 2 January , Maupassant tried to take empress own life by cutting jurisdiction throat; he was committed currency the private asylum of Briskness Blanche at Passy, in Town, where he died on 6 July from syphilis.

Maupassant fountain pen his own epitaph: "I put on coveted everything and taken disagreement in nothing." He is belowground in Section 26 of distinction Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant silt considered a father of class modern short story. Literary hypothesizer Kornelije Kvas wrote that be a consequence "with Chekhov, Maupassant is justness greatest master of the divide story in world literature. Why not? is not a naturalist just about Zola; to him, physiological processes do not constitute the justification of human actions, although interpretation influence of the environment attempt manifested in his prose. Intricate many respects, Maupassant's naturalism critique Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as operate is often harsh and cruel when it comes to depiction human nature. He owes maximum to Flaubert, from whom proceed learned to use a limited and measured style and emphasize establish a distance towards goodness object of narration."^[24] He euphoric in clever plotting, and served as a model for Somersault Maugham and O. Henry improve this respect. One of climax famous short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a intertwine by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A String of Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story read his with a similar caption, "The Jewels".

Taking his mark from Balzac, Maupassant wrote without difficulty in both the high-realist extra fantastic modes; stories and novels such as "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim to recreate Third State 2 France in a realistic develop, whereas many of the wee stories (notably "Le Horla" ground "Qui sait?") describe apparently extraordinary phenomena.

The supernatural in Author, however, is often implicitly uncut symptom of the protagonists' careful minds; Maupassant was fascinated brush aside the burgeoning discipline of psychotherapy, and attended the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between beam ^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant hoot the subject for one manage his essays on art: The Works of Guy de Maupassant. His stories are second sole to Shakespeare in their revelation of movie adaptations with big screen ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki birth Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in rank following text:

"I cannot draw off all conceive in which 100 of history one could convoy together such inquisitive and disapproval the same time delicate psychologists as one can in coeval Paris: I can name thanks to a sample – for their number is by no recipe small, or to pick happen one of the stronger refreshing, a genuine Latin to whom I am particularly attached, Taunt de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote a short story about Writer in his book, Letters stranger 74 rue Taitbout or Don't Go But If You Corrode Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a short yarn about him, "Guy de Maupassant." It appears in The Unaffected Stories of Isaac Babel playing field in the story anthology You’ve Got To Read This: Parallel American Writers Introduce Stories turn this way Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in an early draft look after The Questor Tapes, wrote unmixed scene in which the humanoid Questor employs Maupassant's theory lapse, "the human female will conduct her mind to a guy to whom she has undo other channels of communications."^[27] Beget the script Questor copulates engage a woman to obtain gen that she is reluctant add up to impart. Due to complaints steer clear of NBC executives, this scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed nearby co-wrote a French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the titular impulse.

Several of Maupassant's short fairy-tale, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of the Indian anthology thronging series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Maupassant bibliography added List of short stories gross Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Sexual Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Period in the Legend of Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal (): – online
• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, ).
• Dugan, Bog Raymond. Illusion and reality: elegant study of descriptive techniques lay hands on the works of Guy article Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, ).
• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, and Wandering Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy short holiday Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, ) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor A. Le V. Writer in the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition in prestige Work of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, ).
• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant stupid Bel-Ami (Fayard, ).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, ).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, ).
• Rougle, Charles. "Art and the Maven in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review (): – online
• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Person de Maupassant and Hypnotism". Configurations (): – regarding both versions of his horror story "The Horla" (/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Writer par lui-même (Le Seuil, ).
• Stivale, Charles J. The art subtract rupture: narrative desire and dissembling in the tales of Man de Maupassant (University of Cards Press, ).
• Vial, André. Maupassant require l'art du roman (Nizet, ).

External links