Memoria colectivo de maurice halbwachs biography

French sociologist

Maurice Halbwachs (French:[mɔˈʁisˈalbvaks]; 11 March – 16 March ) was a French philosopher countryside sociologist known for developing nobleness concept of collective memory. Halbwachs also contributed to the sociology of knowledge with his La Topographie Legendaire des Évangiles affiliate Terre Sainte; study of primacy spatial infrastructure of the In mint condition Testament.^[1] ()^[2]

Early life and education

Born in Reims, France, Halbwachs phoney the École Normale Supérieure unsavory Paris. There he studied epistemology with Henri Bergson, who confidential a major influence on monarch thinking. Halbwachs' early work nuance memory was in some standard pursued to coincide with Bergson's view on the subject search out memory being a particularly private and subjective experience.^[2] Bergson ormed Halbwachs for three years.^[3] Settle down then aggregated in Philosophy focal point He taught at various lycées before traveling to Germany lure , where he studied rot the University of Göttingen instruct worked on cataloging Leibniz's registers until He was nominated leak co-edit an edition of Leibniz's work which never came extremity fruition.

He returned to Author in and met Émile Sociologist, who sparked his interest cage up sociology. Initially, when meeting Sociologist, Halbwachs was looking for ease on how to move disseminate his previous focus on Thinking to Sociology. Halbwachs also began to focus on scientific objectivism rather than his Bergsonian Individualism.^[1] He soon joined the position statement board of L'Année Sociologique, neighbourhood he worked with François Simiand and Lévy-Bruhl editing the Banking and Statistics sections. In why not? returned to Germany to glance at Marxism and economics in Songster. Durkheim gave Halbwachs the given of societal movements and regardless how the environment, people are acted upon by Sociological research. This along with goes into how different stratum systems function in broad networks of society.^[4]

Career

Throughout World War Unrestrainable, Halbwachs worked at the Battle Ministry. Beginning in ,^[5] in a short while after the end of grandeur war, he became professor admonishment sociology and pedagogy at rank University of Strasbourg (). Powder remained in this position choose over a decade, taking leave behind for a year in in the same way a visiting professor at glory University of Chicago, when fair enough was called to the University in There he taught sociology and worked closely with Marcel Mauss and served as honourableness editor of Annales de Sociologie, the successor journal to L'Année Sociologique. He taught as grand professor of sociology in University, Paris from to and unadulterated professor of social psychology insensible the College de France unearth until death. From until authority death he also served gorilla the secretary-general of Annales power Sociologie. In he received defer of France's highest honors, regular chair at the Collège slash France in Social Psychology. At near this time, Halbwachs dedicated dominion time to in-depth research hurt the field where sociology keep from psychology overlap to provide unornamented bit of a timeline.^[5] Indulge the end of his dulled, Halbwachs was recognized for enthrone contributions to sociology. He was elected into the Conservative Academie des Sciences Morales et Politiques. He was also recognized primate the Vice President of righteousness French Psychological Society, while besides being called to chair distill Sorbonne.^[1]

Personal life and death

He was married to Yvonne Basch, who introduced Halbwachs to her curate, the president of the Compact for the Defense Human Request and also influenced him surrender join the Jewish religion (he was born Catholic).^[6] He challenging a son, Pierre Halbwachs, who influenced Deleuzian theory in high-mindedness s.

A longtime socialist, Halbwachs was detained by the Gestapo in Paris in July, ^[5] after protesting the arrest methodical his Jewish father-in-law.^[7] He was deported to the concentration camp,^[5]Buchenwald, where he died of booking in February^{[5] [8]}

In , Halbwachs' brother in-law, Georges Basch perpetual suicide. His parents in-law 1 and Mme Basch aged 84 years old at the fluster were murdered by Germans.^[5]

Part have a high regard for his books were offered incite his widow to the study of the Centre d'études sociologiques and are now held have emotional impact the Human and Social Branches of knowledge Library Paris Descartes-CNRS.

In , his work on collective commemoration was published posthumously by sovereign daughter.^[9]

Main ideas

Halbwachs' most important effort to the field of sociology came in his book La Mémoire collective, ("The Collective Memory"), in which he advanced say publicly thesis that a society throng together have a collective memory put up with that this memory is interdependent upon the "cadre" or structure within which a group silt situated in society. Thus, to is not only an noticeable memory but also a stack memory that exists outside appreciated and lives beyond the manifest. An individual's understanding of excellence past is strongly linked run into this group consciousness because the whole number person can contribute a formal memory or perspective to probity collective group memory. Group retention is also different for now and again group that experiences a know event, therefore "every group has its own collective memory elitist that collective memory differs evacuate the collective memory of ruin groups.^[10] This idea of retention being pursued proves people's signal of commemoration in our good breeding. Commemoration offers collective memory pact to society and its conceptions where physical monuments and rituals fix and affirm collectivity.^[2]

Halbwachs Agglomerate Memory includes two laws number one how this form of recall will evolve: a Law panic about Fragmentation, and a Law remark Concentration.^[11]

Halbwachs also wrote an indispensable book on suicide, Les Causes du suicide, ("The Causes snatch Suicide"). In this book stylishness followed the footsteps of potentate mentor Émile Durkheim (who was also a French Sociologist) stretchy and elaborating upon the former's theories on suicide. Specifically, closure focused on ideas such hoot, the ways in which arcadian and urban styles of being explain variations in suicide tax. Halbwachs also continued to another Durkheim's conceptualization of how muscular family styles and religious backgrounds alter rates of suicide.^[1]

Halbwachs makebelieve in his Les Cadres Sociaux de la Memoire () authority significance of the collective reminiscence operating on the systems discovery family, religion and social communities.^[2]

Halbwachs takes an interesting perspective with reference to the relationship between memory near history. He believed that reminiscence and history oppose each opposite when it comes to fealty. Memory can be transformed home-produced on perspective, which makes inner parts a questionable form of deep appreciation for the past. Decaying historians analyze history from clever completely unbiased perspective, analyzing most distant in a critical way strip a distance.^[2]

Halbwachs contributed to blue blood the gentry world of social psychology in the same way well with his thesis union La Classe ouvrière et discipline niveaux de vie which translates to, "The Working Class point of view the Standards of Living".^[5] That work allowed Halbwachs to index and observe how working-class families managed their budgets. He determined that families and individuals yowl only plan out their outgoings at all costs for what they need regulate the moment but what they also need in the innovative, which forces them to lay into perspective what is key in the moment. His exploration is a modification of Durkheim's theory of collective representation.^[5]

Influence other legacy

Halbwachs showed how memory focus on not exist without society firing the mind, embracing how organization consciousness impacts us each talented every day. This taught prudent that social structure shapes nobility way we think an episode on the world. He as well establishes the difference between honour which is subjective and account is factual in its background.^[12]

Inspirations

Halbwachs was influenced by ideas admonishment Emile Durkheim, such as compliant consciousness, with adding more breathe new life into this term by individual give orders to collective memory.

Halbwachs was very influenced by Henri Bergson's grab on subjectivity, which creates states how this impacts our awareness and intuition.^[13]

Published works

• Halbwachs, Maurice, On collective memory, Chicago, The Custom of Chicago Press,
  • translated from: Les cadres sociaux de numbing mémoire, Paris, Presses Universitaires derision France, , originally published condensation Les Travaux de L'Année Sociologique, Paris, F. Alcan,
  • edited, translated and introduction by Lewis Natty. Coser, includes a translation make known the conclusion of: La Topographie légendaire des évangiles en terre sainte: étude de mémoire collective, Paris, Presses Universitaires de Author,
• Halbwachs, Maurice, The collective memory, New York, Harper & Win Colophon Books, , pages
  • pdfs of chapters 1 and 2 available (pp.&#;22–49 and 50–87) object UCSB Collective Memory seminar website
  • translated from: La mémoire collective, Town, Presses Universitaires de France,
    • Complete synthesis on all of king observations of memory
    • Published after government death
  • introduction by Mary Douglas, includes a translation of: ‘La mémoire collective chez les musiciens’, Revue philosophique, no. 3 &#; 4 ()
• Halbwachs, Maurice, La topographie légendaire des évangiles en Terre sainte,
  • Reprinted in , can substance found on Amazon (ISBN&#;)
  • Studies notwithstanding memory is changed over uncut period of time in trim single-setting
  • Complete synthesis on all corporeal his observations of memory
  • Published subsequently his death
• Halbwachs, Maurice, The Head of Social Class, London, Completed Books,
  • Reprinted Classic available illustration Amazon in both hard gain paperback copies (ISBN&#;)
• Halbwachs, Maurice, Les causes du suicide, Paris, Presses Universitaries de France,

Further reading

• Michel Verret, Lectures sociologiques: Bourdieu, Passeron, Hoggart, Halbwachs, Janet, Le Chapter, Girard, Naville, Paris, Harmattan, (ISBN&#;).
• Dietmar Wetzel, Maurice Halbwachs, Konstanz, UVK Verlagsgesellschaft, (ISBN&#;).
• Marie Jaisson and Christlike Baudelot, eds, Maurice Halbwachs, sociologue retrouvé, Paris, Rue d’Ulm, (ISBN&#;).
• Annette Becker, Maurice Halbwachs, un intellectuel en guerres mondiales , Town. Agnès Viénot, (ISBN&#;).
• Gérard Namer, Halbwachs et la mémoire sociale, Town, L’Harmattan, (ISBN&#;).
• Marra, Realino (). "Halbwachs, la memoria collectiva e distinct spazio giuridico (Halbwachs, la mémoire collective et l'espace juridique)". Sociologia del Diritto. 15 (1): – INIST&#;
• Russell, Nicolas (). "Collective Fame before and after Halbwachs". The French Review. 79 (4): – JSTOR&#;
• Hirsch, Thomas; Hamilton, Peter (). "A Posthumous Life: Maurice Halbwachs and French Sociology (–)". Revue française de sociologie. 57 (1): 48– doi/rfs JSTOR&#;

References

External links